Chlamydia in pregnancy: risks and safe treatment
Chlamydia is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) worldwide, and during pregnancy it can have implications for both mother and baby. It is often asymptomatic, which makes early detection even more important. In this article, we discuss the risks of having chlamydia during pregnancy, how it is diagnosed, and what treatment options exist that are safe for pregnancy, all based on scientific evidence.
Detecting chlamydia early allows it to be treated without risks to the baby.
What is chlamydia and how is it transmitted?
Chlamydia is an infection caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis, which is mainly transmitted by unprotected vaginal, anal, or oral sexual contact. It can affect the cervix, urethra, rectum, and even the eyes. Many infected people have no symptoms, making it easier to spread.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), pregnant women with chlamydia can pass it to their babies during vaginal delivery, which can cause neonatal conjunctivitis or childhood pneumonia.
Risks of Chlamydia During Pregnancy
When left untreated, chlamydia can have serious consequences for pregnancy and the newborn. Among the main risks documented by the World Health Organization (WHO) and other institutions are:
- Increased chance of preterm birth
- Premature rupture of membranes
- Low birth weight
- Postpartum uterine infections
- Neonatal eye infection (conjunctivitis) or lung infection (pneumonia)
In addition, chlamydia can increase the risk of HIV transmission if the mother is also a carrier. More than 50% of women with chlamydia have no symptoms, so routine screening in pregnancy is crucial.
Diagnosis during pregnancy
Diagnosis is made by laboratory tests that detect the DNA of the bacteria in cervical or urine samples. Currently, the recommended test is the nucleic acid amplification technique (NAAT), due to its high sensitivity and specificity.
In many countries, a test for STIs, including chlamydia, is recommended early in pregnancy, especially in women under 25 years of age or with risk factors. Some guidelines advise repeating the test in the third trimester if the risk persists.
Safe Treatment for Pregnant Women
Fortunately, chlamydia can be effectively treated during pregnancy with antibiotics that are safe for the fetus. Recommended options include:
- Azithromycin, in a single dose, is the first-line treatment.
- Amoxicillin, in case of allergy or according to clinical criteria.
Both antibiotics are safe during pregnancy, according to the CDC and the WHO. It is essential that the sexual partner is also treated to avoid reinfections.
Important
Prevention and recommendations
The best way to prevent chlamydia during pregnancy is by using condoms correctly, checking for STIs before conceiving, and having safe sex. If you're pregnant, it's recommended to:
- Request an STI test at the first prenatal checkup.
- Strictly follow treatment if infection is diagnosed.
- Inform your partner so that they can also receive treatment.
- Go to scheduled medical check-ups.
Talking to your midwife or gynaecologist about any symptoms or concerns is key to protecting your health and that of your baby.
"Every pregnant woman should be routinely screened for sexually transmitted infections, even if she has no symptoms."
Guidance information